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1. Which of the following statements regarding ethics in the workplace is correct?

A) Acknowledging a patient's cultural beliefs is a low priority if he or she is critically ill or injured.
B) Off-duty misconduct on the part of the paramedic may lessen the public's confidence in EMS in general
C) EMS has long been recognized and funded in the same manner as the other health care professions.
D) Paramedics are accountable only to the EMS system's medical director and to the director of EMS operations.

2. Because a lawsuit may not begin until several years after the paramedic cares for a patient:

A) The paramedic should place an attorney on retainer.
B) all paramedics should carry malpracüce insurance.
C) the paramedic should follow up with the patient regularly.
D) D) it is essential to maintain good documentation on any call.

3. Which of the following directional terms describes the front surface of the body?

A) Dorsal
B) Ventral
C) Inferior
D) Superior

rate to the

4. What happens when the PaC02 of the artezial blood increases?

A) pH increases and respirations increase.
B) pH decreases and respirations decrease.
C) pH increases and respirations decrease.
D) pH decreases and respirations increase.

5. Efferent nerves of the peripheral nervous system are responsible for: A

A) canying impulses from the body to the brain.
B) sensations such as pain, temperature, and pressure.
C) involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate.
D) carrying commands from the brain to the muscles.

6. What occurs during the initial phase of hemostasis?

A) Thlombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
B) Fibrin binds to a platelet plug and forms a clot.
C) Thromboplastin activates clotting proteins.
D) Local vasoconstriction and platelet activation occur.

7. Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the:

A) vena cava and aorta.
B) aorta and coronary sinus.
C) pulmonary vein and aozta
D) vena cavae and coronary sinus.

8. Strength of a person's peripheral pulses is related to:

A) heart rate and preload.
B) stroke volume and pulse pressure.
C) physical size and blood pressure.
D) cardiac output and heart rate.

9. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus:

A) need exogenous insulin to survive.
B) are less likely to develop ketoacidosis
C) experience excessive cellular uptake of glucose.
D) control their disease with dietary modification.

10.Signs of clinical improvement during CPAP therapy include:

A) a decrease in systolic BP.
B) an increase in the heart rate.
C) increased ETC02.
D) increased ease of speaking.

11. The use of capnography in patients with prolonged cardiac arrest may be limited because:

A) of an excess buildup of nitrogen in the blood.
B) the paramedic often ventilates the patient too slowly.
C) of acidosis and minimal carbon dioxide elimination,
D) metabolic alkalosis damages the colorimefric paper.

12. Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause laryngeal spasm and edema?

A) Croup
B) Inhalation injuy
C) Viral pharyngitis
D) Mild asthma attack

13. Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?

Oxygen is a highly flammable gas
Grease prevents oxygen from exploding.
Oxygen supports the process of combustion.
Oxygen must be stored in a warm environment

14. Several cycles of basic life support maneuvers have failed to relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unresponsive 44-year-old woman. You should:

A) intubate the patient and attempt to push the foreign body into one of the mainstem bronchi.
B) continue basic life support maneuvers and transport the patient to the hospital immediately.
C) perform direct laryngoscopy and attempt to remove the obstruction with Magill forceps.
D) place the patientts head in a neutral position and perform an emergency cricothyrotomy.

15. A patient with right ventricular failure would most likely present with:

A) an enlarged liver.
B) collapsed jugular veins.
C) rhonchi in the lungs.
D) pulmonary edema.

16. If the hearts secondary pacemaker becomes ischemic and fails to initiate an electrical impulse:

A) the AV junction will begin pacing at 40 to 60 times/min.
B) you will see a brief period ofbradycardia followed by asystole.
C) the P wave and PR interval will have an abnonnal appearance.
D) you should expect to see a heart rate slower than 40 beats/min.

17. In which of the following situations is oxygen indicated for a patient who complains of chest pain, pressure, or discomfort?

A) The patient has a history of AMI.
B) Signs of heart failure are present.
C) The 12-1eadECG indicates STEMI.
D) Oxygen saturation is less than 99%.

18. The 6-second method for calculating the rate of a cardiac rhythm:

A) involves counting the number of QRS complexes in a 6-second strip and multiplying that number by 10.
B) is an accurate method for calculating the heart rate if the cardiac rhythm is grossly irregular and very fast.
C) will yield an estimated heart rate that is typically within 2 to 3 beats per minute of the actual heart rate.
D) takes longer than other methods of calculating the rate and is thus impractical to use with critical patients.

19. Which of the following mechanisms causes hypertension?

A) Arteriosclerosis results in increased elasticity of the arteries, causing vasodilation and increased arteriolar capacity.
B) Atheroscleroüc plaque narrows one or more of the coronary arteries, resulting in increased cardiac perfusion.
C) Increased afterload stimulates the Frank-Starling reflex, which raises the pressure behind the blood leaving the heart.
D) Heart rate that is persistently above 80 beats/min causes an increase in cardiac output and a resultant increase in blood pressure.

20. Frothy sputum that has a pink tinge to it is MOST suggestive of:

A) tuberculosis.
B) antihistamine use
C) chronic bronchitis.
D) congestive heart failure.